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Coffee Bean Types: Arabica, Robusta, Liberica, and Excelsa

You probably already know that different types of plants produce different flavors. Find out about four of the most widely used varieties: Arabica. Robusta. Liberica. and Excelsa.

Excelsa beans are one of the varieties of Liberica that is cultivated exclusively in Southeast Asia. They have a fruitier and tarter flavor, and are often used in blends of coffee to add depth.

Arabica

Arabica cafe coffee beans beans are responsible for 75% of the world's production. Arabica beans are sweeter and less acidic than Robusta. They also come in various flavour profiles. The taste and aroma components of a coffee can vary greatly based on the climatic conditions and processing methods used to make it.

The word "coffee" derives from the Arabic word for berry, and coffee beans are actually fruit seeds that grow in bright red berries. It is believed ancient Ethiopian shepherds found that their goats were energized after eating these fruits. The cultivation of coffee quickly spread all over the world.

Coffee beans can be grown at higher altitudes, and are capable of thriving in cold temperatures and plenty of rain. This is why Arabica coffee is believed to be the best tasting type of coffee.

Many specialty coffee shops and roasters are focused on the ethical sourcing of arabica beans, focusing on fair wages for farmers and sustainable farming practices. These companies blend arabica beans to create unique signature coffees that are suitable for various brewing methods. Blending allows control over the aroma, flavor and body as well as acidity of coffee. It is generally used to create a consistent and balanced flavor that appeals to a broad market.

Robusta

Robusta beans (Coffea canephora) are the second most common type of coffee bean grown across the globe. They have a higher amount of caffeine per bean than Arabica and are more resistant to pests and disease. They also contain higher levels of chlorogenic acids, which are naturally-occurring antioxidants. However, these acids can cause oxidation during the process of brewing coffee and could result in unpleasant flavors.

The plant itself is more resilient than arabica, able to thrive in less favorable climate conditions and at lower elevations. It can withstand temperatures that are higher and does well in direct sunlight. It produces more coffee per plant and is growing faster than arabica. This makes it a economical crop to cultivate.

While it may seem counterintuitive, Robusta and arabica beans are often blended together to create coffee blends. If you've seen the names of countries like Uganda or Kenya on a coffee bag it's likely there's some robusta too.

Although some roasters exclusively use arabica beans but the majority do mix the two varieties in order to cut costs and preserve the quality. To preserve the flavor integrity it is recommended to select a high quality bean from a trusted source. This can be done by purchasing your beans directly from the farmer.

Liberica

Liberica beans are more or less football shaped and are therefore distinct from other types of coffee beans. They have a smell that is fruity, floral and smoky. They are added to other types of coffee beans to give them a more rounded and more robust taste.

Liberica coffee beans are available in West Africa, Malaysia (Borneo), and Southeast Asia. They are well-adapted to humid, hot conditions and can be grown at low altitudes. They also have a better resistance to diseases than Arabica and Robusta.

These characteristics make them ideal for home-growing. Online, you can buy the seeds from many sources. However, it is best to buy the beans from local producers to ensure the highest quality. The best conditions for growing Liberica coffee are fertile deep volcano soils, with a pH that is moderately acidic, and enough annual rainfall.

Excelsa is another type of coffee beans bulk bean. It was once classified as a separate species, but has since been reclassified as a Liberica variant. These coffee beans with an oval shape grow on large coffee plants that range from 20 to 30 feet in height at medium altitudes. They have a distinctive taste that is both fruity and tart which has made them a sought-after choice for blends in house. They are also lighter on aroma and caffeine than Arabica and Robusta, but still have an unusual richness of flavor.

Excelsa

Although they're the fourth most sought-after type of coffee beans, Excelsa beans aren't quite as easy to find as Arabica or Robusta. They were actually considered a different coffee plant species up until 2006, at which point they were reclassified as a synonym for Coffea Liberica var. dewevrei. Currently, they're cultivated primarily in Southeast Asia and account for 7 percent of the world's coffee production. The coffee beans have a distinctive teardrop shape and have a dark, mysterious flavor. They are frequently utilized to give blends extra body and a rich tart taste of ripened fruits.

Arabica beans are by far the most sought-after and are renowned for their sweeter taste. They thrive at high altitudes and have warm, tropical climates. They have a slight acidity. If properly roasted and brewed they may be flavored with notes of nuts, chocolate or even fruit.

Robusta is an almost identical choice to Arabica and makes up around 40 percent of the world's beans. Robusta beans are rounder and smaller, but contain twice the amount of caffeine as Arabica. They also have more bitterness than the other two varieties and tend to have woody and earthy undertones.

Now that you've learned the four most widely used varieties of coffee beans and the four most popular types of coffee beans, it's time to select the perfect cup. If you're looking for a silky and delicate taste, go for an arabica or a blend of robusta and arabica beans.